Compartment syndrome is a painful buildup of pressure around your muscles that can cause tissue damage or paralysis. Learn about the types, causes, diagnosis and treatments of acute and chronic compartment syndrome . Compartment syndrome is an increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain. Learn how to check if you have it, when to call 999 or see a GP, and what tests and treatments are available. Acute compartment syndrome occurs when the tissue pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure and results in muscle and nerve ischemia. It typically occurs subsequent to a traumatic event, most commonly a fracture. Compartment syndrome is a condition of increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment , causing impaired circulation and tissue damage. Learn about the etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and physiotherapy of this condition, especially in the leg and forearm.