Calculus in kidney: Kidney stones are a common

Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi. The condition of having kidney stones is termed nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones are mineral and salt deposits in the kidneys, also known as renal calculi. Ranging in size and composition, they can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. This common medical condition affects numerous people globally, including a substantial population in India. What Are Kidney Stones? Kidney stones are hard crystalline structures formed within the kidney or urinary tract due to supersaturation of certain minerals in urine. Common types of kidney stones include calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite stones. Kidney stones can affect any of the organs that make urine or remove it from the body — from the kidneys to the bladder. Often, stones form when the urine has less water in it. This lets minerals form crystals and stick together. Passing kidney stones can be quite painful. But prompt treatment usually helps prevent any lasting damage.