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Define sanguine . sanguine synonyms, sanguine pronunciation, sanguine translation, English dictionary definition of sanguine . adj. 1. a. Cheerfully confident; optimistic: sanguine about the prospects for an improved economy. b. At ease; accepting: "Deborah was generally sanguine ... Learn the English definition and meaning of Sanguine with examples, pronunciation, and translations to enhance your vocabulary. History and etymology of sanguine The adjective ' sanguine ' has its origins in the Latin word 'sanguineus,' which is derived from 'sanguis,' meaning 'blood.' In ancient Roman and medieval physiology, it was believed that a person's temperament and disposition were influenced by the balance of four bodily fluids or 'humors,' one of which was blood.