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But why is Republic Day so significant in modern Indian history? Republic Day is celebrated on January 26, marking the date when the Indian Constitution came into effect, completing India’s transition to becoming an independent republic. Republic Day is celebrated on January 26 to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950, marking India's transition to a sovereign republic. Every year on January 26, India celebrates one of its most significant national holidays — Republic Day. If you're curious about why this day is so important and how it's celebrated, you’re in ... Why do we celebrate our Republic Day on January 26, then? The answer lies in the history of the Indian freedom struggle during which the date held significance since 1930.